Mental Health and Occupational Therapy: A Path to Wellbeing Through Work

Mental health is not just “in the head” — it’s connected to our daily work, relationships, habits, and self-care. Occupational Therapy (OT) focuses on that connection: how everyday work or “occupation” supports mental health and a sense of meaning in life. In this article, we’ll learn how OT works in mental health, who benefits from it, some practical strategies that can be done at home, and a brief review of the latest scientific research.

What is occupational therapy in mental health?

Occupational therapists are professionals who help people participate in meaningful work or daily activities. In the mental health field, this can mean:

Rebuilding daily routines that have been disrupted by anxiety, depression, or psychosis
Rebuilding work or study skills that have been disrupted by a lack of attention or motivation
Developing relaxation or sensory strategies to manage anxiety, restlessness, or mood swings
Supporting social engagement and reconnection with the community
Developing realistic plans for returning to work or volunteer activities

OT is always person-centered — the main goal is “what’s meaningful to you,” not just symptom relief. Therapists break down big goals into small, achievable steps to gradually get people back on the path to a meaningful life.

Who can benefit?

People of all ages with mental health issues can benefit from OT, including:

Common mental health issues: anxiety, depression, PTSD
Severe mental health issues: bipolar disorder, schizophrenia
Stress, burnout, or long-term COVID-related fatigue and inattention
Returning to work after a break due to mental health issues
Those whose daily routines or social engagements have been disrupted

It applies to everyone, from teens to seniors.

What does an OT session look like?

Sessions may vary by setting (hospital, clinic, or workplace) but typically include:

Assessment: Understanding your daily life, strengths, and barriers
Goal Setting: Small, realistic goals like “I will cook twice a week” or “I will not skip work in my morning routine.”
Skill Development: Time management, energy conservation, attention, or memory enhancement techniques
Environmental Adaptation: Improving attention by controlling the workspace, lighting, or noise
Activity Therapy: Rebuilding confidence and routine through gardening, painting, or a practical task
Return to Work: A step-by-step plan for returning to work and coordination with the office if necessary

OT often uses psychologically based approaches (such as CBT, mindfulness, or acceptance therapy).

Some simple OT techniques you can do at home

Here are some simple techniques inspired by OT concepts that you can try yourself:

Create micro-habits: Break down large tasks into 5–10 minute increments. Small successes lead to big motivation.
Activity Schedule: Mix “must-do” tasks with “want-to-do” tasks.
Routine Anchor: Set two reliable tasks in the morning (e.g., drink water, open the window).
Energy Budget: Notice when you have the most energy and schedule big tasks during those times.
Sensory Kit: Keep something that calms or focuses you (e.g., peppermint scent, textured balls, fidget rings).
Graded Exposure: If you have social anxiety, gradually increase the time — from a one-minute phone call to a short meeting with a friend.
Environmental Editing: Remove unnecessary objects from your work area to help keep your mind calm.

They are safe, easy, and customizable.

How does OT work with other therapies?

OT works well in conjunction with psychotherapy, medication, or other supports. While psychotherapy focuses on thinking and feeling, OT focuses on the “doing” part of real life — turning learned knowledge into practical action.

Cost, access, and awareness

The cost and benefits of OT can vary depending on the country and health system. In many places, OT is also available as part of a mental health team. Some university clinics or community centers offer low-cost or free services. Contact your local doctor or mental health counselor for details.

A brief review of scientific research

Recent research shows that OT has real benefits for mental health recovery.

Person-centered and activity-based therapy is beneficial: According to several reviews from 2024–2025, daily activity-based therapy increases social and work participation in people with severe mental illness.
Increased return to work: Studies have shown that OT-led programs increase both return to work and self-confidence.
Psychosocial OT programs are effective: OT based on group work, skills training, and psychoeducation improves mental functioning.
WHO Guidelines: The World Health Organization has identified OT as an important component of rehabilitation and mental health promotion in the workplace.
AOTA’s Recent Guidelines: The American Occupational Therapy Association has recently issued guidelines emphasizing the importance of OT in the prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation of mental health.

Summary

Occupational therapy is a practical, person-centered approach to mental health rehabilitation — it helps people get back to their routines, improve their skills, and find meaning in life. Simply put, for the health-conscious reader: OT is about “thinking through doing.”